Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive, malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease and has varying incidence, increasing in patients older than 40 years. It usually develops after a malignant alteration in a molar pregnancy, but rarely after an abortion or normal or ectopic pregnancies. The most common localization is the uterus, but it can also be found rarely in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, vulva, CERVIX or pelvic region.A 38-year-old multiparous woman, with no complications in three previous labors and four miscarriages, presented to her gynecologist one year after the last miscarriage complaining of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Clinical examinations showed normal ultrasound and histopathology findings. Blood analysis demonstrated moderate anemia and low elevated serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin. Due to profuse hemorrhage and anemia after the curettage, the medical council decided that a total hysterectomy should be performed. Macroscopic examination of the post-operative material showed regular morphology of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. However, a whitish brown lesion with a maximum diameter of 22 mm was noted in a longitudinal section of the CERVIX. Using standard histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis, a cervical gestational choriocarcinoma was diagnosed. Knowledge of the characteristics of the choriocarcinoma is very important for accurate diagnosis and treatment, especially when the tumor is localized on the rare locations and where a high level of serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin is absent.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the important health problems and one of the common gynecologic disease with high mortality rate. This study was performed with the aim to compare the CERVIX-Brush-Combi with CERVIX- Brush for collection of cervical cells in Pap smear.Methods: In this quasi experimental study, 100 women referred to health care center No. 2 in east of Ahvaz were randomly divided into two group of code 1 (firstly, CERVIX-Brush-Combi and then CERVIX- Brush) and code 2 (firstly, CERVIX- Brush and then CERVIX-Brush-Combi). 200 samples were prepared from EndoCERVIX and exoCERVIX, and then, Brush''s tip was removed from the trunk and was thrown into the vial with an alcohol base. After the closure of the vial, 20-15 times was shaken and sent to the laboratory. Data was analyzed by SPSS (version 16), and independent t-test and chi-square test. PResults: Mean number of exocervical and endocervical cells collected by CERVIX-Brush-Combi were 63.3±48.0 and 636.3±545.5, respectively and collected by CERVIX- Brush were 70.0±62.1 and 607.2±378.8, respectively. Independent t–test and chi-square test were not found significant difference between two tools.Conclusion: CERVIX-brush combi tool has the same efficiency and effectiveness in terms of collection of cervical cells compared to the CERVIX brush tool.

Although the diagnostic category of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) has been known since 1988, its use and appropriate clinical follow up and management still remains controversial. This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic value of ASCUS, using cytohistologic correlation. A retrospective review of archival materials in our cytology laboratory files was performed for cervicovaginal smears diagnosed as ASCUS from March 1999 to February 2002. In 8551 cervicovaginal smears examined, ASCUS was reported in 236 (2.76%) cases, with histologic follow up in 98 (41.2%). During the follow up period of patients with ASCUS, 51 patients (52%) had benign/reactive lesions, 43 patients (43.9%) were diagnosed as having a squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), 2 (2.1%) specimen were insufficient and finally two cases (2%) proved to be invasive cervical carcinoma on histology. Of cases diagnosed as SIL, 22 (22.4%) were interpreted as flat condyloma, 9(9.1%) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2 (2.1%) CIN 1-2, 3 (3.1%) high grade SIL, 6 (6.1%)basal cell abnormality of undetermined significance, and 1 (1%) had features of CIN 1 in presence of severe inflammation. Patients whose smears fall into the category of ASCUS may exhibit a spectrum of findings, ranging from benign/reactive lesions to frequent SIL and rarely to invasive carcinoma. Therefore, patients with a diagnosis of ASCUS justify careful follow-up and investigation.

Specific structure of ewe's CERVIX is one of artificial insemination limitation in sheep. Successful insemination in ewes has a close relation with morphology of their CERVIX. The objective of this experiment was to compare anatomical structure of CERVIX in Makui, Kurdish and Afshari ewes. In this study, reproductive tract of 300 ewes of aforesaid sheep (100 ewes of each strain) were collected during breeding season in slaughterhouses of Alborz and Tehran provinces. Exterior shape, opening, length and diameter of CERVIX, measure of penetration, kinds and number of rings were studied. The most frequent exterior shape and length were the shape of papilla and the length of 3 to 4 centimeter respectively. The dominant shape of opening in CERVIX in Kordi and Afshari ewes was papilla where as in Makui ewes, the dominant shape was flop. The results showed that average CERVIX diameter in collected respectively was 9.34±1.7. The average number of rings for all sheep between these strains was 5.59±0.8. The most frequent layout and arrangement of rings in cervical canal was the second type. The correlation between the length of CERVIX and number of rings, and the length and diameter of CERVIX were 0.24 and 0.25, respectively. There was not a significant correlation between length of CERVIX with ring’s angle, opening shape and age. Length of CERVIX, diameter and number of rings were not significantly different among 3 breeds. Average penetration of insemination gun into cervical canal for all data was 3.92±2.5 mm and were approximately 4.24±2.2, 3.46±1.1, 3.84±2.5 in Makui, Kordi and Afshari ewes, respectively. The measurement of gun’s penetration into CERVIX is affected by CERVIX diameter. Estrus cycle had a significant effect on measurement of penetration, while depth of penetration was lower during luteal phase and higher in non-luteal phase. Also the measurement of penetration was affected by number of rings, while CERVIXes with more number of rings resulted in less measurement of penetration. Evaluated parameters did not show any differences among breeds except the exterior shape of CERVIX opening.